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cecilia


yesterday afternoon at 15.12 and 'my daughter was born Cecilia.
's beautiful, like her mother.
Unless unforeseen, I should be at university 'next Wednesday, for the reception and lectures.
However, students who wish to be Mr and Mrs upon receipt, please contact me first by writing to gmriccio@unisa.it

Broken Or Jammed Pinky

Defamation - Print

1. On the subject of libel, the extenuating circumstance of the putative right to report only when it is conceivable, although not objectively true the facts reported, the reporter has fulfilled the obligation to examine, check and verify that the object of his narrative, the order to win any doubt, the expectation is not sufficient, though in good faith, on the source. Criminal Cassation, sez. V, March 11, 2005, No 15643

2. On the issue of defamation, what distinguishes critical dall'insulto is not less offensive capability, but lack of generosity of negative evaluation, ie the fact that the review is unfavorable, in some way "justified" by an argument. Criminal Cassation, sez. V, 4 March 2005, no 15001

3. The journalist is not liable for having published an interview with defamatory content, when correctly indicated that the opinions of others are reported, and did not show - even surreptitiously - to join them. Criminal Cassation, sez. V, December 16, 2004, No 4009

4. On the issue of defamation, the right of criticism, which constitutes exonerating pursuant to art. 51 cp, although it should always refer to a specific event, be it artistic, social and political, historical, cultural, literary, religious, is, by its very natura, nella rappresentazione, per l'appunto critica, di quello stesso fatto e, dunque, nella sua elaborazione. Ne consegue che il giudizio che la sostanzia non può essere rigorosamente obiettivo e imparziale, in quanto esso rappresenta ineludibile espressione del retroterra culturale e formativo di chi lo formula e, nel caso della critica politica, anche delle sue opzioni ideologiche. Cassazione penale, sez. V, 16 novembre 2004, n. 6419

5. In tema di diffamazione a mezzo stampa, il controllo che il direttore responsabile è tenuto ad esercitare si esplica, non solo prima della "composizione del pezzo", ma anche (e anzi in maniera più puntuale e rigorosa) dopo di essa e prima che lo scritto pervenga al pubblico dei lettori. Criminal Cassation, sez. V, 5 November 2004, No 46311

6. On the subject of libel, the offense must be inferred from the reputation of the whole context of the exhibition-communication, which includes titles, subtitles, pictures and any other facts that accompany the writing. Criminal Cassation, sez. V, 5 November 2004, No 46311

7. In the case of objectively defamatory content interview, the interviewer and the editor of the newspaper is not liable for the crime of defamation, for the putative existence of exonerating the truth, if the authority of the person interviewed, evaluated, one with all the circumstances of case, leaving reasonably assume the veracity of statements made by the interviewee. Criminal Cassation, sez. V, 9 July 2004, No 37435

8. The line is considered to exist exonerating the right to report against a journalist who has published, in quotes, and with clear indication of their source, objectively defamatory statements contained in a complaint filed against a judge, when, for the degree of relevance in terms of the public, recognize the fact itself of the display of that complaint, could reasonably be expected (with appreciation of the fact not in the questionable legality), that the aforesaid publication shall be construed only to fulfill duty to inform Making the intent and not defamatory Criminal Cassation, sez. V, March 15, 1999, No 5192

9. In the case of libel the moral, is not economic in nature but are a psychic disturbance, is not susceptible to a purely arithmetic evaluation commensurate with the result that its cash must necessarily bear a subjective appreciation. The determination of the amount as an provisionally, although the extent of damage for which it is considered already reached the test is given to the trial court in that regard has no obligation to state reasons expressed Criminal Cassation, sez. V, January 29, 1997, No 2113

10. The financial compensation provided for in Article. 12 LN 47 of 1948 for the crime of libel - in which the financial loss and moral reparation can not run out, even in light of the interpretation of more lata. Cp 185, the protection of all possible civil interests of the victim - is a fine of civil nature and therefore can be claimed even before the civil courts, which is not precluded from establishing, albeit indirectly, if an unlawful act, source of civil liability in mind the elements of the offense under Article. 595 cpCassazione criminal sect. V, April 23, 1991

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which the exemption - which the exemption - Law

Civil Cassation, sez. III, January 11, 2005, No 379
The right to criticize is not practical, come quello di cronaca, nella narrazione di fatti, ma si esprime in un giudizio, o, più genericamente, in una opinione, la quale, come tale, non può che essere fondata su un'interpretazione dei fatti e dei comportamenti e quindi non può che essere soggettiva, cioè corrispondere al punto di vista di chi la manifesta, fermo restando che il fatto o comportamento presupposto ed oggetto della critica deve corrispondere a verità, sia pure non assoluta, ma ragionevolmente putativa per le fonti da cui proviene o per altre circostanze oggettive, così come accade per il diritto di cronaca. Il diritto di critica, inoltre, non diversamente da quello di cronaca, è condizionato, quanto alla legittimità del suo esercizio, dal limite of continence, both in terms of formal correctness of the exposure, and in fact is not the excess of the limits of what is strictly necessary for the public interest, and must be accompanied by adequate justification of the proceedings of honor or lack thereof accident reputation. However, when the narration of certain facts, to be exhibited along with opinions of the author, is simultaneously exercising the right to report and that of critical evaluation of continence can not be conducted on the basis of set criteria which are essentially formal but must leave room for subjective interpretation of the facts, so that critics can not always be considered when prohibited sia idonea ad offendere la reputazione individuale, essendo, invece, decisivo, ai fini del riconoscimento dell'esimente, un bilanciamento dell'interesse individuale alla reputazione con quello alla libera manifestazione del pensiero, costituzionalmente garantita, il quale è ravvisabile nella pertinenza della critica di cui si tratta all'interesse dell'opinione pubblica alla conoscenza del fatto oggetto della critica.

Cassazione penale, sez. V, 5 marzo 2004, n. 19334
In tema di diffamazione col mezzo della stampa, il diritto di critica, inteso come libertà di dissentire dalle opinioni espresse da altri, sottoponendole a vaglio censorio, non è correlato a quello di cronaca, atteso che, quando il discorso giornalistico contained only nell'alveo evaluation and develops an ongoing controversy - the result of strongly opposing views on issues being debated - the limits are exonerating those made by the social relevance of the argument and the correctness of the expression used. It follows that in order to be recognized as the cause of justification under Article. 51 cp, not required, unlike the case for the freedom of the press, that the criticism is formulated with reference to specific factual information, provided that the essential core and the profile of them has been misrepresented and manipulated instrumentally.

Criminal Cassation, sez. a., June 30, 1984 Ansaloni
The freedom of the press is legitimately exercised than the crime of libel, only when it is within the limits of objective truth, relevance and continence formal events narrated.

Civil Cassation, sez. III, July 19, 2004, No 13346
The lesion honor and reputation of others does not occur when the spread of news in the press is a legitimate exercise of freedom of the press, as satisfying the following conditions: the objective truth of the news item published, the public interest in knowledge the fact (known as applicable), the formal correctness of the exposure (so-called continence), in particular, this assumption requires that the trial court to examine and evaluate the news nel contesto complessivo dell'articolo in cui sono riportate. (Nella specie, la S.C. ha cassato per vizio di motivazione la sentenza di merito che aveva escluso la "continenza", ritenendo che il giornalista aveva riportato un giudizio personale di disvalore, additando un uomo politico come colluso con la mafia, senza considerare che dal contesto dell'articolo si evinceva, invece, che il giornalista si era limitato a riportare le dichiarazioni rese da cc.dd. "pentiti", quali riportate in un documento giudiziario).

Cassazione civile, sez. III, 23 luglio 2003, n. 11455
In tema di azione di risarcimento dei danni da diffamazione a mezzo stampa, presupposto per l'applicabilità dell'esimente del diritto di cronaca è la "Continent" of the fact in it, which consists of two aspects, a formal and a substantive, each of which must be used in this case because the extenuating circumstance can operate.

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defamation

person commits the crime of insult (art. 594 cp) offends the honor or dignity of a person present, and is punishable by imprisonment up to six months or a fine of up to € 516.46.

instead commits the crime of defamation (art. 595 cp) offends the reputation of others in the absence of Parson offense. In this case the punishment shall be imprisonment up to one year and fine of up to € 1,032.91.

Dall'ingiuria and defamation must be distinguished from the crime of defamation (art. 368 cp) and is when someone, with a complaint, complaint, request or application, even if anonymously or under a false name, direct judicial authority or other authority is required to report to the Judicial Authority, blames a person of a crime he knows to be innocent, or a dependent of a person simulates the traces of a crime. For the crime of libel, the punishment shall be imprisonment from two to six years, except in cases of aggravating. Case law has clarified that there is no need to be initiated criminal proceedings against the person offended by the crime, but rather the mere potential that such a procedure is started.
taken from http://www.studiolegale-online.net/penale_r02.php

Codice penale
57 Reati commessi col mezzo della stampa periodica
Salva la responsabilità dell`autore della pubblicazione e fuori dei casi di concorso, il direttore o il vice-direttore responsabile , il quale omette di esercitare sul contenuto del periodico da lui diretto il controllo necessario ad impedire che col mezzo della pubblicazione siano commessi reati, è punito, a titolo di colpa, se un reato è commesso, con la pena stabilita per tale reato, diminuita in misura non eccedente un terzo.
57 bis Reati commessi col mezzo della stampa non periodica
Nel caso di stampa non periodica, le disposizioni di cui al precedente articolo si applicano all`editore, se l`autore della pubblicazione è ignoto o non imputabile, or to the printer, if the editor is not suitable or not at fault. Print
58 illegal
The provisions of the article above also apply if you have not observed the requirements of the law on publication and dissemination of the press and non-periodic.
58 a prosecution for crimes committed with the press
If the offense is punishable by the press with a lawsuit, petition (CP 130, 341 cpp) or request (cp127-129, 3134; 342 cpp), for the offense offenses predicted the preceding three articles is required complaint, petition or request.
The lawsuit, the application or request made against the director or deputy director, the editor or printer also has an effect against the publication by the author of the crime committed by this (cp123, 129, 130).
We can not proceed for the crimes predicted in the three previous articles if you need a permission process (cpp313, 343, 344) for the offense committed by the Publisher `,` until the permission is not granted. This provision does not apply if the agreement and established for the quality or personal circumstances of the publication by the author.

press law

11 - (Liability)
for crimes committed with the press are civilly liable, jointly and severally with offenders and among them, the owner of publication and publisher.

12 - (financial compensation) In the case of libel committed by means of the press, the victim may ask, as well as damages under Article. 185 of the Penal Code, a sum by way of reparation. The sum is determined according to the gravity of the offense and the spread of printing.

13 - (Penalties for libel)
In the case of libel committed by means of the press, consisting in fact of a determined, apply the penalty of imprisonment from one to six years and a fine of not less than that of Lit 500,000.

Como Dong Long Silver

correction - right to reply

Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC
In 1964, WGCB, a radio station, carried a fifteen minute syndicated broadcast of a religious program called "Christian Crusade," in which the Reverend Billy James Hargis verbally attacked Fred J. Cook, author of the book Goldwater: Extremist on the Right.

The Court decreed that, with respect to matters of public importance, "the right of free speech of a broadcaster . . . does not embrace a right to snuff out the free speech of others."
In a closely related argument, the Court boldly declared the First Amendment right of the viewers and listeners to receive information as paramount to the First Amendment right of the broadcasters to freely provide information. The Court noted that "(i)t is the right of the public to receive suitable access to social, political, esthetic, moral, and other ideas and experiences which is crucial here. That right may not constitutionally be abridged either by Congress or by the FCC." The Court held that was fully consistent
with the First Amendment goal of producing an informed public capable of conducting its own affairs to require a broadcaster to permit answers to personal attacks occurring in the course of discussing controversial issues, or to require that the political opponents of those endorsed by the station be given a chance to communicate with the public.

The Red Lion Court, however, also acknowledged the political value of speech in producing an informed electorate to actively and effectively participate in a system of democratic self-rule.

Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo
In 1972, the Miami Herald printed two editorials that were critical of the candidacy of Pat Tornillo in his bid for the Florida House of Representatives. Pursuant to section 104.38 of the Florida Statutes, a right to reply statute solely benefiting candidates in an election, Tornillo demanded that the Miami Herald print verbatim his replies, but the paper refused.

After citing the burden on the publisher in terms of cost and time, the Court noted "that, as an economic reality, a newspaper (cannot) proceed to infinite expansion of its column space to accommodate the replies that a government agency determines or a statute commands Should Have available the reader. "

The Court reasoned That Such A penalty Would not only be impractical, But Would Also infringe upon the editorial Autonomy guaranteed by the First Amendment, by forcing newspapers to print" that which 'reason tells Them Should not be published. "'

Italian Law
In the event that the applicant requests a correction of the excessive length limit of thirty lines, is not obliged to publish the correction by the director, who did not the power and duty to reduce, summarize, or otherwise manipulate the text in order to contain the space limit required by law, it 'the court hearing in case of refusal of publication, puo' "ex officio" ordinare che sia pubblicato un testo ridotto entro il limite suddetto.

Tribunale Bari 16 gennaio 1992,

Il diritto alla rettifica delle notizie pubblicate costituisce fondamentale diritto della persona a tutelare la propria immagine e dignita'. Pertanto la rettifica va pubblicata conformemente a quanto richiesto, senza che ne' il direttore del giornale ne' il giudice abbiano facolta' di modificarne il testo, o anche di sindacarne il contenuto sotto il profilo della veridicita'.

Tribunale S.Maria Capua V., 22 gennaio 1999

La lunghezza massima di 30 righe, entro cui contenere (ai sensi dell'art. 42 legge n. 416 del 1981) la rettifica di notizie ritenute dall'interessato not correspond to the truth, it should be computed with respect to the line of the printed text to be rectified.

Bari District Court Jan. 18, 1983

not violate the mandatory provisions of Article .42, l.416/81 the publication of a correction followed by a comment made by which the giormalista reiterate the contents of your article

District Court Rome 10 July 1990

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Wednesday October 18


Art 2.
The Republic recognizes and guarantees the inviolable rights of man, as an individual and in social groups where he expresses his personality, and demands the fulfillment of the mandatory duties of political solidarity, economic and social development.

Article 15.
The freedom and secrecy of correspondence and of every other form of communication is inviolable.

Their limitation may be motivated only by a judicial authority with the guarantees established by law.

Article 21.
Everyone has the right to freely express their thoughts in speech, writing or any other means of communication.

The press can not be subjected to authorization or censorship.

may take place only by a seizure warrant from the court in the case of offenses for which the press law expressly authorizes, or in case of violation of the law approves for the same indication of those responsible.

In such cases, when there is absolute urgency and the timely intervention of the courts, seizure of the press can be run from police officers, who must immediately, and never within twenty-four hours, report judicial authority. If this does not confirm the twenty-four hours, the seizure is understood to be withdrawn and null and void.

The law may establish, by general rules, which are known means of finance magazines.

are prohibited publications, shows and events contrary morality. The law establishes appropriate measures to prevent and punish violations.


Bill of Rights Amendment I Congress Shall Make No
law Respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble , and to petition the government for a redress of grievances

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Mr and Mrs students notice that the examination of European and Comparative Law of communication will do 'part, for the degree, of the following addresses:
a) comparative
b) forensic-privatization
c) Community and public law

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Degree Course start


The course will 'start on October 11, 2006.
Classes will be held on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday from 13 to 14 hours.
For students and 'provided a program different from that stated in the student handbook.

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Academic Year 2006 -2007


From September 4th I'll be 'back to School'. I remind the students that Messrs
my days of receipt and 'on Wednesdays, from 11 to 13.

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Next week I will not 'present at the reception, because' engaged in a conference all'estero.
E' possibile contattarmi, durante questo periodo e ad agosto, al solito indirizzo di posta elettronica gmriccio@unisa.it

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Conference Syllabus


Avviso tutti i sigg. studenti (corsisti e non corsisti) che, a partire dalla seduta d'esame di settembre, non consentiro' a nessuno di sostenere l'esame su programmi alternativi rispetto a quelli indicati nella guida dello studente, salvo che siano stati previamente concordati con me.

A questo proposito, ricordo altresì che il programma, a partire dalla prossima sessione di esame, e' il seguente:

per gli esami da 4 crediti:

1) Caretti P., Diritto dell'informazione e della comunicazione, Il Mulino, Bologna, since last. ed.;

and 2) Zeno-Zencovich V., freedom of expression, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2004 (limited to Chapter I. Freedom of the press or freedom of the press. V. advertising. VIII. The demonstration of thinking in the Internet world).

for tests 3 credits:

1) P. Carey, Information and Communication Law, Il Mulino, Bologna, since last. ed. (Limited to only chapters in Chapters I. Freedom of expression in the Constitution. - II. Print. - III. Rundfunk) and

2) Zeno-Zencovich V., freedom of expression, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2004 (only in Chapters I. Libertà di stampa o libertà della stampa. V. La pubblicità. VIII. La manifestazione del pensiero nel mondo di internet).

Devo, infine, sottolineare che i due libri non sono alternativi, ma cumulativi (nel senso che si portano entrambi e non uno a scelta!).

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TESTS


Ricordo che gli esami si terranno nei seguenti giorni:
GIUGNO 19 ore 10,30
LUGLIO 11 ore 10,30
SETTEMBRE 25 ore 10,30
OTTOBRE 9 ore 10,30
DICEMBRE 11 ore 10,30
Non e' necessaria la prenotazione dell'esame.

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CV

GIOVANNI MARIA RICCIO
Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Salerno – Italy

TEACHING

Current courses: Comparative Law and European Media Law, University of Salerno
Trans-national Relations and Private Law, University of Malta
Experience:
Lecturer in the following graduate courses:
E-commerce Law (University of Rome III, Masters Program in European Contract Law) (2005);
European Law (Public Administration Superior School) (2005);
Internet and Media Law (University of the Basilicata, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences) (2004);
Non-profit Law (University of Bologna, Masters Program in International Studies on Philanthropy) (2003-2004); (University of Naples) (2005)
Family Law (University Suor Orsola Benincasa – Naples) (2003)
Lecturer in the following undergraduate courses:
Anglo-American Law (University of Salerno, Faculty of Political Science) (2003);
Comparative Legal Systems (University of Salerno, Faculty of Law) (2002);
Communication Law (University of Salerno, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences) (2000-2001);
Civil Law (University of Salerno, Faculty of Law) (2000)
Comparative Legal Systems (University of Salerno, Faculty of Law) (2000)
Private Law (University Suor Orsola Benincasa – Naples) (2000)

Visiting Professor of Comparative and European Law, University of Constanta (Romania) (November 2000).

Visiting at the CRID (Centre de Recherche Informatique et Droit), Université de Namur (1998); Academic Visitor at the Oxford Intellectual Property Research Centre (St. Peter's College), University of Oxford (2006).

LANGUAGES

Italian (mother tongue), English, French.



EDUCATION

Ph.D in Comparative Law - Università di Salerno (2003)
Post-graduate course in European and Comparative Law (2000)
Law degree magna cum laude - Università di Salerno (1998)

PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Legal consultant to the National Institute for Social Medicine (London) (2004-2005).
Attorney at Law. Admitted to the Bar in 2003.

PUBLICATIONS
Research interests: Internet and Media Law, Torts, Copyright Law, Non-Profit Organizations and welfare systems

Books
1. The civil liability of Internet providers (Giappichelli, Torino, 2002) p. 1-303 (topic: Liability of Internet service providers).
2. Liability of the Internet's (University of Salerno, Salerno, 2000) p. 1-101 (topic: Liability of Internet service providers).

Chapters in books
1. The Constitutional Court in the "conformation" system of automobile liability insurance (with S. Sica), in AA.VV., Liability in constitutional jurisprudence, edited by M. Bussani, Necklace "Fifty years of the Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic", ESI, Napoli, 2006, 206 - 228 (topic: Accident Compensation and Constitutional Court).
2. The liability of Internet providers, in VV.AA., Professional Responsibility, edited by P. Stanzione, Zanichelli, Torino, 2006, p. 743 to 779 (topic: Liability of Internet service providers).
3. The liability of the surgeon, in VV.AA., Professional Responsibility, edited by P. Stanzione, Zanichelli, Torino, 2006; 1069 - 1108 (topic: Surgery liability).
4. Family and civil liability, in G. Autorino, ed., Treaty theory and practice of family law, vol. I, (Giappichelli, Torino, 2005) p. 459 to 491 (topic: Tort law and family relations).
5. The university foundations: workhorse or Trojan horse?, In G. Gemelli, ed., University foundations, (Baskerville, Bologna, 2005) p. 145 to 171 (topic: University foundations).
6. Privacy and health information, in F. Cardarelli - S. Sica - V. Zeno-Zencovich, eds., The Privacy Code, (Giuffrè, Milan, 2004) p. 247-336 (Topic: Privacy and Medical Data).
7. Persons engaged treatment, data security and system performance, in S. Sica - P. Stanzione, eds., D. Commentary lgs. No 196/03 (Privacy Code), (Zanichelli, Torino, 2004) p. 119 to 154 (topic: Privacy, security and liability).
8. The civil liability arising from the use of vehicles; Raising exceptions and enforceable; The damage from traffic accident: the Issues, in S. Sica, ed., The movement of vehicles. Liability and insurance profiles, (Zanichelli, Torino, 2004) p. 23 to 73, p. 297-306, p. 337 to 361 (topic: Liability for Car Accidents and damages).
9. University foundations and supporting Organizations: nonprofits and support academic activities, in B. Marcucci - R. Favale, eds., Studies in memory of Vincenzo Ernesto Cantelmo, (ESI, Napoli, 2003) p. 601 to 616 (topic: University Foundations and Organizations support in the U.S. and Italian legal experience).
10. Synopsis of Italian Law on Non-profit Organizations, in ME Phelan - RJ Desire, Non-Profit Organizations Law and Policy (West Group, St. Paul, Minnesota, 2003) p. 53 to 54.
11. The civil liability of Internet providers in the light of Directive 2000/31/EC, in S. Sica - P. Stanzione, eds., E-commerce and civil groups, (Giuffrè, Milan, 2002) p. 379 to 397 (topic: Liability of Internet service providers in the EU directive on electronic commerce).
12. Right to anonymity and liability insurance provider, in L. Nivarra - V. Curly, the Internet and the right of individuals. Person and intellectual property in computer networks, (Giappichelli, Torino, 2002) p. 25 to 40 (topic: Anonymity and liability of internet service providers).
13. Determining compensation in case of expropriation of building land, in A. Saturn - P. Stanzione, eds., Commentary on the Consolidated Law on expropriation, (Giuffrè, Milan, 2002) p. 337 to 384 (topic: Compulsory purchase of land).
14. Acts of civil status trained abroad; Rectification of the legal procedures relating to the acts of civil status and corrections, in P. Stanzione, ed., The new order of civil status. November 3, 2000 Comments to Presidential Decree No 396, (Giuffrè, Milan, 2001) p. 51 to 84, p. 365 to 395 (topic: public rectification of registers).

Articles
1. Violations of marital duties and civil liability, damage and liability, no 4, 2006, p. 585 to 593 (topic: Tort law and family relations).
2. Deprived of private copying? About a recent ruling by the French Court of Cassation, in The Law of the Internet, Ipsoa, 2006, p. 237 to 243 (topic: private copying and fair use).
3. The peer-to-peer in the light of the Supreme Court's Grokster case, in Copyright and New Technologies, 2006, no 2, p. 21 to 32 (topic: Peer-to-peer and copyright Infringements).
4. Corporate email accounts and protection of the confidentiality of journalists, the right of the internet, Ipsoa, 2005, p. 573 to 582 (topic: E-mail workplace and personal data).
5. Uses and abuses of mobile telephony, multimedia, and about protecting the individual, in Il Corriere Legal, No 3, 2004, p. 384 to 392 (topic: Multimedia Messaging Services, right of publicity and reputation).
6. Internet, interactive information and communication (with S. Sica), Europe & South, 2004, n. 52, p. 75 to 91 (topic: Internet and interactive communication).
7. The liability of Internet providers in the Legislative Decree no. 70/03 in damage and liability, no 12, 2003, p. 1157 - 1169 (topic: Liability of Internet service providers)
8. The university foundations. Analysis of Presidential Decree 24 May 2001, No 254, The New Annotated Civil Court, No 3, 2002, p. 141 to 160 (topic: University foundations).
9. La responsabilidad civil de los proveedores de internet, in Revista de responsabilidad civil y seguros, No 6, 2002, p. 23 to 36 (topic: Liability of Internet service providers).
10. Universities and nonprofits. Short comparative analysis of Italian and American experiences in life Notary No 3, 2002, p. 1738 - 1752 (topic: University Foundations and Organizations support in the U.S. and Italian legal experience).
11. Anonymity and accountability in internet, translation and notes the decision of the Tribunal de Grande Instance of Nanterre, December 8, 1999, in The Information Law and Information Technology, No 2, 2000, p. 307 to 335 (topic: Anonymity and liability of internet service providers).
12. La nouvelle loi italienne sur la vente à distance, in Cahiers Lamy droit de l'informatique et des réseaux, No 123, 2000, p. 14 to 21 (topic: EU Distance Selling Directive).
13. The liability of the provider in the French: the case Hallyday, translation and notes the ruling of the Court of Appeal of Paris, February 20, 1999, in the right information and information technology, No 4 / 5, 1999, p. 926 to 941 (topic: Liability of Internet service providers in the French legal system).

On-line publications
1. Local philanthropy and community foundations: the circulation of the American model in the Italian legal system, in Indret. Revista para el derecho analysis (www.indret.com), n. 282, May 2005.
2. The Cour de cassation italienne cree une différence entre dissemination of child-pornography via chat-room via et web (www.droit-technologie.org), May 2003.
3. Online defamation and jurisdiction: first decision of the Court of Cassation, in Juriscom (www.juriscom.net), Quick Information, January 2001 (with Lionel Thoumyre).
4. Protection of privacy: a brief analysis of the Italian situation, in Lex Electronica, vol. 6, 2001.
5. Games and lotteries on the Internet: a sale of liberalization blast in Europe in Law & Technology, (www.droit-technologie.org) November 2000 (with Thilbaut Verbiest).
6. Italy: Bill on domain names, in Juriscom (www.juriscom.net), Quick Information, April 2000.
7. The new Italian law on le commerce électronique, in Droit & Technologie (www.droit-technologie.org), March 2000.
8. La nouvelle loi italienne sur le commerce électronique, in Juriscom (www.juriscom.net), November 1999.


PERSONAL

Birthdate: 27 December 1974 - Naples (Italy)
Marital status: Married
Citizenship: Italian


Office Department of Law of civil and economic relations

University of Salerno Via Ponte Don Melillo Fisciano
(SA) - Italy Tel +39.089.962090


Fax +39.089.962089 e-mail: gmriccio@unisa.it

Club Miosotis Freeones

Reception


Mr and Mrs students notice that the reception again, starting this week, on Wednesday morning from 10 am to 12.30 pm.
E 'possible to set a time more' precise writing to gmriccio@unisa.it

Stomach Flu Ontario December 2009

Living Calendar examinations of studies


Mr and Mrs students notice that the reception and 'suspended during the entire month of May, because I'll be abroad for research. I am still reachable at gmriccio@unisa.it.

Windowblinds Where Enter

Comparative Law and European communication
(Prof. Riccio GM)

June 19 July 11 10.30 10.30
SETTEMBRE 25 ore 10,30
OTTOBRE 9 ore 10,30
DICEMBRE 11 ore 10,30

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Gli esami di febbraio avranno luogo il:

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Ricordo ai sigg. studenti che e' possibile concordare un programma alternativo, scrivendo a gmriccio@unisa.it oppure concordando un appuntamento per il mercoledi, nell'orario 10-13.

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Exams Seminar on advertising / 2


Estratti dal DECRETO LEGISLATIVO 6 settembre 2005, n. 206 - Codice del consumo

Art. 25.
Bambini e adolescenti
1. E 'considered misleading advertising', which, as
capable of reaching children and adolescents, can also
indirectly threaten their safety or abuse of their natural credulity
'or lack of experience or, using children and
teens in advertising, unless the ban
Article 10, paragraph 3, of 3 May 2004, n. 112,
abuse of the natural feeling of adults for the most 'young people.



Article 26. Administrative and judicial protection

1. The Authority 'competition and market
established by Article 10 of Law 10 October 1990, No 287, hereinafter called
Authority 'in this section, exercise the powers
governed by this article.
2. Competitors, consumers, their associations and organizations
, the Minister of 'production, as well as'
any other government that has an interest in relation to
its institutional duties, including a complaint from the public, may ask the
' Authorities' that have inhibited the acts of advertising '
or misleading advertising' comparative
deemed unlawful under this section, which has inhibited their continuation and
they eliminate the effects.
3. The Authority 'can have a reasoned decision
the temporary suspension of advertising' deceptive advertising or
'comparative considered illegal in cases of particular urgency
. In any event, announces the opening of the investigation
the advertiser and, if the developer is not 'known
can' ask the owner of the vehicle that has spread the message
advertising the information needed to identify it. The Authority '
can' also require the advertiser or the owner of the vehicle
spread the advertising message to show a copy of

advertisement that is misleading or illegal, even using, in circumstances where the powers
under Article 14, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of 10 October 1990
No 287.
4. The Authorities 'can be made for the advertiser to furnish evidence
as to the accuracy of factual claims in advertising
' if, taking into account the legitimate interests of the advertiser
and any other party to the proceedings
That requirement appears appropriate in the circumstances of the case
. If such evidence and 'omitted
or is deemed insufficient, the facts must be considered inaccurate.
5. When the campaign message of 'status or needs to be disseminated through the press
regular or daily
or by radio or television or other means of telecommunication,
the Authority', before proceeding, seek the advice of the Authority 'for
the Communications.
6. The Authority 'ensure a reasoned decision. If you think the
advertising 'deceptive advertising or the message' comparative fault
welcomes the action by banning the advertising '
not yet known to the public or the continuation of the already'
begun. With the decision upholding the can 'be prepared the publication
pronunciation, an extract, as well as',
possibly, in a prepared statement
amendment to prevent the advertising 'deceptive advertising or the message'
comparative considered illegal, continue to have effect.
7. With the decision granting the application the Authority 'has
also the application of a fine of between € 100,000 to €
1000, given the gravity'
and duration of the violation. In the case of deceptive advertising of
referred to in Articles 5 and 6, the penalty can not 'be less than € 25,000
.
8. In cases involving advertising included on
confezioni di prodotti, l'Autorita', nell'adottare i provvedimenti
indicati nei commi 3 e 5, assegna per la loro esecuzione un termine
che tenga conto dei tempi tecnici necessari per l'adeguamento.
9. La procedura istruttoria e' stabilita, con regolamento emanato
ai sensi dell'articolo 17, comma 1, della legge 23 agosto 1988, n.
400, in modo da garantire il contraddittorio, la piena cognizione
degli atti e la verbalizzazione.
10. In caso di inottemperanza ai provvedimenti d'urgenza e a quelli
inibitori o di rimozione degli effetti, l'Autorita' applica una
sanzione amministrativa pecuniaria da 10.000 euro a 50.000 euro. Nei
casi di reiterata non-compliance with the Authority 'can order the suspension of
' business for a period not exceeding thirty days
.
11. Failure to comply with requests to provide the
information or documentation referred to in paragraph 3, the '
shall impose an administrative fine of 2,000 € to 20,000 €
. Where information or documentation provided is not true
, the Authority 'shall impose an administrative fine
from 4,000 € to 40,000 €.
12. Appeals against decisions taken by '
fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of administrative courts.
For administrative fines conseguenti alle violazioni
del presente decreto si osservano, in quanto applicabili, le
disposizioni contenute nel capo I, sezione I, e negli articoli 26,
27, 28 e 29 della legge 24 novembre 1981, n. 689, e successive
modificazioni. Il pagamento delle sanzioni amministrative di cui al
presente articolo deve essere effettuato entro trenta giorni dalla
notifica del provvedimento dell'Autorita'.
13. Ove la pubblicita' sia stata assentita con provvedimento
amministrativo, preordinato anche alla verifica del carattere non
ingannevole della stessa o di liceita' del messaggio di pubblicita'
comparativa, la tutela dei concorrenti, dei consumatori
and their associations and organizations, 'the courts
with recourse to the administrative court against the said decision
.
14. It 'still subject to the jurisdiction of ordinary courts
regarding unfair competition, pursuant to Article 2598 of the Civil Code
, as well', with regard to advertising '
comparative, relating to acts committed in violation of
discipline copyright protected by law April 22, 1941, No
633, as amended, and the trade mark protected
pursuant to Legislative Decree 10 February 2005, No 30,
and subsequent amendments, and ' designations of origin
recognized and protected in Italy and other brands of companies, goods and services
competitors.



Article 27.
Conduct
1. Interested parties may request an injunction
the continuation of acts of advertising 'deceptive advertising or' comparative
deemed unlawful, using voluntary bodies and
self-governance.
2. Once proceedings before a self-regulatory organization,
the parties may agree to refrain to the Authority '
until the final ruling.
3. In the case where the use of the Authority 'was already'
or proposed to be offered later by another eligible party, each party can
'request that the Authority'
the suspension of proceedings pending a ruling body
self-discipline. The Authority ', consider all the circumstances, where'
to stay the proceedings for a period not exceeding thirty days
.

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Seminar on advertising /



Extracts from the Consumer Code - Legislative Decree 6 September 2005, No 206

Article 19.
Purpose '
1. The provisions of this section are designed to protect the
advertising 'deceptive and unfair consequences thereof
persons carrying on a' commercial, industrial, craft or profession
, consumers and, in general, the interests of the public
in the use of advertisements,
as well as' to establish the conditions of legality 'in publication' comparative
.
2. The advertisements' must be clear, truthful and correct.



Article 20.
Definitions 1. For the purposes of this Section:
a) advertising 'means any form of announcement that it is widespread,
in any way, in connection with a' commercial
industrial, craft or profession in order to promote
sale of movable or immovable property, the constitution
or transfer of rights and obligations on them, or the provision of works or services
;
b) for advertising 'deceptive advertising any'
that in any way, including its presentation is likely to cause the error in
natural or legal persons to which, '
addressed or whom it reaches and which, because of its deceptive nature, can affect their economic behavior
ovvero che, per questo
motivo, sia idonea ledere un concorrente;
c) per pubblicita' comparativa: qualsiasi pubblicita' che
identifica in modo esplicito o implicito un concorrente o beni o
servizi offerti da un concorrente;
d) per operatore pubblicitario: il committente del messaggio
pubblicitario ed il suo autore, nonche', nel caso in cui non consenta
all'identificazione di costoro, il proprietario del mezzo con cui il
messaggio pubblicitario e' diffuso ovvero il responsabile della
programmazione radiofonica o televisiva.



Art. 21. Elementi Evaluation
1. To determine whether the advertising 'is misleading if it
must consider all the elements, in particular with regard to his references
:
a) the characteristics of goods or services, such as their availability
', nature, running , composition, method and
the date of manufacture or provision, fitness for 'the purpose,
uses, the amount', the description, the geographical origin or commercial
, or the results to be obtained with the their use, or
results and material features of tests or checks carried out on
goods or services;
b) the price or so in cui questo viene calcolato ed alle
condizioni alle quali i beni o i servizi vengono forniti;
c) alla categoria, alle qualifiche e ai diritti dell'operatore
pubblicitario, quali l'identita', il patrimonio, le capacita', i
diritti di proprieta' intellettuale e industriale, ogni altro diritto
su beni immateriali relativi all'impresa ed i premi o riconoscimenti.



Art. 22.
Condizioni di liceita' della pubblicita' comparativa
1. Per quanto riguarda il confronto, la pubblicita' comparativa e'
lecita se sono soddisfatte le seguenti condizioni:
a) non e' ingannevole ai under this Code;
b) it compares goods or services meeting the same needs or intended for the same goals
;
c) it objectively compares one or more 'features
, relevant, verifiable and representative features, including
any price, of those goods and services;
d) does not create confusion in the market place between the
advertiser and a competitor or between the brands, trade names
, other distinguishing marks, goods or services
operator and those of a competitor;
e) does not discredit or denigrate the trademarks, trade names
, other distinguishing marks, goods, services, activities' or
circumstances of a competitor;
f) for products with designation of origin, it relates
in each case to products with the same designation;
g) does not take unfair advantage of the reputation 'connected to
trademark, trade name or to another sign
distinctiveness of a competitor or of the designation of origin of competing products
;
h) does not present goods or services as imitations or
of goods or services bearing a protected
trade mark or trade name.
2. The requirement of verifiability 'referred to paragraph 1, letter c
), is satisfied when the data
given to illustrate the features of the goods or service advertised
are capable of demonstration.
3. Any comparison referring to a special offer
must state clearly and unequivocally
the final bid or, where the
special offer has not yet begun, the date of commencement of the period during
which apply the special price or other specific conditions, or if
the case that the special offer is subject to availability '
of goods and services.



Article 23.
Transparency of advertising '
1. The advertisements' must be clearly recognizable as such. The
advertising 'by printing
must be distinguishable from other forms of communication to the public, with mode' graphics
clear perception.
2. The terms "guarantee", "guaranteed" and the like can be used
only if accompanied by the clarification of the content and mode of
'the guarantee offered. When the brevity '
advertising message does not fully restore these
stated, a reference synthetic content and mode' of the guarantee offered
deve essere integrato dall'esplicito rinvio ad
un testo facilmente conoscibile dal consumatore in cui siano
riportate integralmente le precisazioni medesime.
3. E' vietata ogni forma di pubblicita' subliminale.



Art. 24.
Pubblicita' di prodotti pericolosi per la salute e la sicurezza dei
consumatori
1. E' considerata ingannevole la pubblicita' che, riguardando
prodotti suscettibili di porre in pericolo la salute e la sicurezza
dei consumatori, ometta di darne notizia in modo da indurre i
consumatori a trascurare le normali regole di prudenza e vigilanza.

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Estratti dalla LEGGE 3 maggio 2004, n.112
Norme di principio in materia di assetto del sistema radiotelevisivo e della RAI-Radiotelevisione italiana S.p.a., nonche' delega al Governo per l'emanazione del testo unico della radiotelevisione.

Art. 14. (Accertamento della sussistenza di posizioni dominanti nel sistema integrato delle comunicazioni) 1. I soggetti che operano nel sistema integrato delle comunicazioni sono tenuti a notificare all'Autorita' per le garanzie nelle comunicazioni le intese e le operazioni di concentrazione al fine di consentire, secondo le procedure previste in apposito regolamento adottato dall'Autorita' medesima, la verifica compliance with the principles set out in Article 15.

2. The Authority 'for the Communications, on the recommendation of an interested party or, periodically, office, identified the relevant market in accordance with the principles laid down in Articles 15 and 16 of Directive 2002/21/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 7 March 2002, make sure you do not constitute the integrated communications system and its component markets, dominant positions and that they meet the limits of Article 15 of this Act, taking into account, among ' another, as well as in revenues, the level of competition within the system, barriers to entry in the same, the size of economic efficiency enterprise as well as' quantitative indicators of broadcasting of television programs, publishing products and films or phonograph.

3. The Authority 'to the Communications Authority if it finds that a company or a group of companies operating in the integrated communications system, is in the state of power to overcome, predictably, the limits of Article 15, adopting a public notice of appeal, indicating the risk situation and indicating the company or group of companies and the individual market concerned. In the event of proven violations of these limits the Authority 'action pursuant to Article 2, paragraph 7 of the Law of July 31, 1997, No 249. 4. The legal acts, merger and the agreements that conflict with the prohibitions in this chapter shall be null and void. 5. Article 2, paragraph 16, first sentence, of 31 July 1997, No 249, the words "this Act" are replaced by "in the integrated communications system", the last sentence of that paragraph the words "for the purposes of this Act," are deleted.

Article 15. (Limits on the number of television and radio programs and collection of resources in the integrated communications system. Provisions on advertising)
1. Upon full implementation of the national plan for allocating radio frequencies and digital television, uno stesso fornitore di contenuti, anche attraverso societa' qualificabili come controllate o collegate ai sensi dell'articolo 2, commi 17 e 18, della legge 31 luglio 1997, n. 249, non puo' essere titolare di autorizzazioni che consentano di diffondere piu' del 20 per cento del totale dei programmi televisivi o piu' del 20 per cento dei programmi radiofonici irradiabili su frequenze terrestri in ambito nazionale mediante le reti previste dal medesimo piano.

2. Fermo restando il divieto di costituzione di posizioni dominanti nei singoli mercati che compongono il sistema integrato delle comunicazioni, i soggetti tenuti all'iscrizione nel registro degli operatori di comunicazione costituito ai sensi dell'articolo 1, comma 6, lettera a), numero 5), the Law of 31 July 1997, no 249, it can not 'directly, it' through subsidiary or affiliated entities pursuant to Article 2, paragraphs 17 and 18 of Law No 249 of 1997, achieving revenues in excess of 20 per cent of the total revenues of the integrated communications system.

3. The income referred to in paragraph 2 are those arising from the financing of public service broadcasting rights of the less, to be published 'in national and local level also directly, by distance selling, sponsorships, from activities' distribution of the product made from point of sale with the exception of pricing actions, by agreements with public in a continuing nature and providence provided public direttamente ai soggetti esercenti le attivita' indicate all'articolo 2, comma 1, lettera g), da offerte televisive a pagamento, dagli abbonamenti e dalla vendita di quotidiani e periodici inclusi i prodotti librari e fonografici commercializzati in allegato, nonche' dalle agenzie di stampa a carattere nazionale, dall'editoria elettronica e annuaristica anche per il tramite di INTERNET e dalla utilizzazione delle opere cinematografiche nelle diverse forme di fruizione del pubblico.

4. Le imprese, anche attraverso societa' controllate o collegate, i cui ricavi nel settore delle telecomunicazioni, come definito ai sensi dell'articolo 18 del decreto legislativo 1° agosto 2003, n. 259, sono superiori al 40 per cento dei ricavi complessivi that sector can not achieve the integrated communications system revenues in excess of 10 per cent of that scheme.

5. Article 2, paragraph 7, first sentence, of 31 July 1997, No 249, the words "and having regard to the criteria in paragraphs 1 and 8" are deleted.

6. Those engaged in this activity 'means more national television' network may not, before 31 December 2010, acquiring stakes in newspaper publishing companies or participate in the formation of new publishers of newspapers. The ban also applies to companies, subsidiaries or affiliates pursuant to article 2359 of the Civil Code.

7. According to Article 18, paragraphs 1 and 2 of Council Directive 89/552/EEC of 3 October 1989, as amended by Directive 97/36/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 30 June 1997, and given the limits on hourly and daily amount of advertising shown in the Law of 6 August 1990 223, Article 8 of the Law No 223 of 1990, as amended, shall be amended as follows: a) in paragraph 7, the word "Message" and 'replaced by the "spot", b) in paragraph 9-bis, the first period after words, "to include forms of advertising '" by inserting "other than advertising" and the words: "the forms of advertising' different from the offerings under this paragraph "shall be replaced by" commercials "and the second period, the word" tender "and 'replaced by" advertising' other than commercials. "

8. Article 10 of Law March 7, 2001, 62, and 'replaced by the following: "Art 10. - (Advertising messages to promote books and reading). - 1. The advertisements are part of initiatives being promoted by institutions, organizations, associations, editorial writers and booksellers, aimed at raising public awareness of books and reading, provided free or on concessional terms from television and public radio and private non- are taken into account for calculating the maximum referred to ll'articolo 8 of the Law of 6 August 1990 223, as amended.

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LAW Excerpts from the May 3, 2004, No. 112
standards on spatial principle of the broadcasting system and the RAI-Italian Radio and Television Spa, as well as' delegation to the Government to issue a consolidated broadcasting.

Article 1. (Scope and purpose)
1. This law defines the general principles underlying the organization of the national broadcasting system, regional and local and adapting to the advent of digital technology and the process of convergenza tra la radiotelevisione e altri settori delle comunicazioni interpersonali e di massa, quali le telecomunicazioni, l'editoria, anche elettronica, ed INTERNET in tutte le sue applicazioni.

2. Sono comprese nell'ambito di applicazione della presente legge le trasmissioni di programmi televisivi, di programmi radiofonici e di programmi-dati, anche ad accesso condizionato, nonche' la fornitura di servizi interattivi associati e di servizi di accesso condizionato, su frequenze terrestri, via cavo e via satellite.

Art. 2. (Definizioni)

1. Ai fini della presente legge si intende per:
a) "programmi televisivi" e "programmi radiofonici" l'insieme, predisposto da un fornitore, dei contenuti unificati da un medesimo marchio editoriale e destinati alla fruizione del pubblico, rispettivamente, mediante la trasmissione televisiva o radiofonica con ogni mezzo; l'espressione "programmi" riportata senza specificazioni si intende riferita a programmi sia televisivi che radiofonici;
b) "programmi-dati" i servizi di informazione costituiti da prodotti editoriali elettronici, trasmessi da reti radiotelevisive e diversi dai programmi radiotelevisivi, non prestati su richiesta individuale, incluse le pagine informative teletext e le pagine di dati;
c) "operatore di rete" il soggetto titolare del diritto di installazione, esercizio e fornitura di una rete di comunicazione elettronica su frequenze terrestri in digital, cable or satellite, and broadcast systems, multiplexing, distribution and dissemination of frequency resources that enable the transmission of programs to users;
d) "content provider" who takes responsibility 'editorial in preparing the television or radio programs and related programs intended to spread data-even with conditional access to digital terrestrial frequencies, cable or satellite or through any other means of electronic communication and that and 'entitled to carry out the activities' commercial and editorial relating to dissemination of images or sounds, and its data;
e) "service provider or interactive service associates di accesso condizionato" il soggetto che fornisce, attraverso l'operatore di rete, servizi al pubblico di accesso condizionato mediante distribuzione agli utenti di chiavi numeriche per l'abilitazione alla visione dei programmi, alla fatturazione dei servizi ed eventualmente alla fornitura di apparati, ovvero che fornisce servizi della societa' dell'informazione ai sensi dell'articolo 1, numero 2), della direttiva 98/34/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 22 giugno 1998, come modificata dalla direttiva 98/48/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 20 luglio 1998, ovvero fornisce una guida elettronica ai programmi;
f) "accesso condizionato" ogni misura e sistema tecnico in base ai quali l'accesso in forma intelligibile the protected service is subject to prior authorization by the individual and the service provider;
g) "integrated communications system," the economic sector that includes the following activities': newspapers and magazines, publishing and electronic annuaristica also through INTERNET; radio and television, cinema, advertising 'external communication initiatives for products and services, sponsorship,
h) "public service broadcasting" public service carried on in the broadcasting sector by granting the overall programming, including non-disclosure of companies 'concession, according to the mode' and within the limits specified by this Law and other regulations reference
i) "national" pursuit of the 'broadcast television or radio is not limited to the local
l) "local" the pursuit of' television broadcasting in one or more 'basins, no greater than six, even non-contiguous, provided that' with coverage of at least 50 percent of the national population, the scope and 'called "regional" or "provincial" when the basin of pursuit' of broadcasting television and 'unique and falls within the territory of one region or one province, and the broadcaster does not broadcast in other basins, the term "local" section without specification is meant to refer also to the transmission at regional or provincial
m) "European works" the works that were originally
1) of the EU Member States;
2) of the European third countries that are Parties to the Convention on Transfrontier Television, signed in Strasbourg on 5 May 1989 and enforced by law October 5, 1991, No 327, provided that 'the works are undertaken by one or more' producers established in one of these states or are produced under the supervision and effective control of one or more 'producers established in one of these states or the contribution of the co-producers both these States to the total co-production and this is not controlled by one or more 'producers established outside those States;
3) di altri Stati terzi europei, realizzate in via esclusiva, o in co-produzione con produttori stabiliti in uno o piu' Stati membri dell'Unione europea, da produttori stabiliti in uno o piu' Stati terzi europei con i quali la Comunita' europea abbia concluso accordi nel settore dell'audiovisivo, qualora queste opere siano realizzate principalmente con il contributo di autori o lavoratori residenti in uno o piu' Stati europei.

Art. 3. (Principi fondamentali) 1. Sono principi fondamentali del sistema radiotelevisivo la garanzia della liberta' e del pluralismo dei mezzi di comunicazione radiotelevisiva, la tutela della liberta' di espressione di ogni individuo, inclusa la liberta' di opinione e quella di ricevere o di comunicare information and ideas regardless of frontiers, the objectivity ', completeness, fairness' and impartiality 'of information, openness to different opinions and political, social, cultural and religious diversity and the maintenance of' ethnic and cultural heritage, artistic and environmental, national and local level, while respecting freedom 'and human rights, in particular the dignity' of the person, the promotion and protection of the welfare, health and the harmonic development of physical, mental and Moral of the child, as guaranteed by the Constitution, law, international norms and laws in force in the Italian state and regional.
Article 4. (Principles to ensure users)
1. The regulation of the broadcasting system, to protect users, guarantees:
a) your access, according to criteria of non-discrimination to a wide variety 'of information and content provided by a plurality' of national and local operators , helping to this end the use and development under conditions of pluralism and freedom 'of competition, opportunity' offered by the technological evolution of entities engaged in or intend to conduct activities' in the communications system;

b) the broadcasting of programs that respect the fundamental human rights, being, however, prohibited transmissions that contain coded messages or subliminal, or contain incitamenti all'odio comunque motivato o che, anche in relazione all'orario di trasmissione, possono nuocere allo sviluppo fisico, psichico o morale dei minori, o che presentano scene di violenza gratuita o insistita o efferata o pornografiche, salve le norme speciali per le trasmissioni ad accesso condizionato che comunque impongano l'adozione di un sistema di controllo specifico e selettivo;

c) la diffusione di trasmissioni pubblicitarie e di televendite leali ed oneste, che rispettino la dignita' della persona, non evochino discriminazioni di razza, sesso e nazionalita', non offendano convinzioni religiose o ideali, non inducano a comportamenti pregiudizievoli per la salute, la sicurezza e l'ambiente, non possano arrecare pregiudizio moral or physical minors, are not included in a cartoon aimed at children or during the transmission of religious services and are recognizable as such and kept separate from other programs by means of a clear perception to the exclusion of those who opt for a higher sound power to ordinary programs, without further restrictions and prohibitions provided by law;

d) the broadcast of sponsored fulfilling responsibility 'and editorial independence of the content provider to the broadcasting, they can be identified as such and not encourage the purchase or rental of goods or services of the sponsor, without prejudice to additional restrictions and prohibitions established by the laws of Depending on the nature of the activity 'of the sponsor or the subject matter of the transmission

e) the transfer of appropriate adjustment when the person is considered injured in his moral or material interests from news broadcasts or contrary to truth,' as long ' this correction does not have content that may give rise to liability 'criminal or civil is not contrary to morality;

f) the dissemination of a large number of national and local radio and television programs in clear, placing limits on the ability' for the relevant transmission encrypted programs and ensuring adequate coverage throughout the national or local level, such that this provision does not apply to satellite broadcasting;

g) the dissemination on air programs, live or deferred broadcast television which concern events, national or non-specified in a special list approved by resolution of the Authority 'for the Communications Authority as being of particular importance for society '.

2. E 'favored by the receipt of disabled citizens' sense of television programs, in providing for this purpose, the adoption of appropriate measures, after hearing the associations.

3. The processing of personal data of individuals and entities in the broadcasting sector and 'made in respect of the rights and freedoms' fundamental, as well as 'dignity' human, with particular reference to confidentiality and identity 'staff, in compliance' with existing legislation.

Article 5. (Principles in order to protect pluralism and competition in the broadcasting system)
1. The broadcasting system, to ensure pluralism of media, radio television, conforms to the following principles:

a) the protection of competition in the broadcasting market, and the means of mass communication and advertising market 'and protection of media pluralism communication television, to ban the end of the establishment or maintenance of positions detrimental to pluralism, according to the criteria set out in this law, even through subsidiaries or affiliates, and ensuring maximum transparency the corporate structure;

b) provision of different titles are enabled for the conduct of the activities' of the network operator or content provider of television or radio content provider or a provider of interactive services associated with or conditional access services, with the prediction of the authorization regime for the business 'network operator, for the activities' content provider of television or radio content provider or a provider of interactive services associated with or conditional access services, such authorization does not involves the allocation of radio frequencies, and that 'made in accordance with a separate measure of the resolution of' the Communications communications of 15 November 2001, n. 435/01/CONS, published in Ordinary Supplement to Official Gazette No. 284, December 6, 2001, as amended;

c) provision for the holding separate qualifying title, respectively, via terrestrial or cable or satellite, even by the same entity, the activities' in the b ) and provision of a sufficient length of their titles approved, but not less than twelve years for the activities 'on digital terrestrial frequencies, with possibility' of renewal for equal periods;

d) provision for separate licenses for the conduct of activity 'supply in b), respectively, in national or local, when they are carried on terrestrial frequencies, by setting, however, that an individual or individuals to each other in a control relationship or connection can not be simultaneously consented to the delivery of content both nationally and locally and can not be granted permits to enable each content provider in the local area to radiate in the same water more 'than 20 percent of digital television programs locally;

e) requirements for network operators:
1) to ensure equal 'treatment to content providers not related to companies' subsidiaries and associates, making available to them the same technical information available to content providers due to companies 'affiliates and subsidiaries;

2) not to discriminate in establishing appropriate agreements on technical quality' broadcasting and access to the network between subjects authorized to provide content belonging to companies 'parent companies, subsidiaries or affiliates and independent content providers and services, providing, however, that network operators cede its ability' to broadcasting market conditions in accordance with the principles and criteria laid down by Regulation on the digital terrestrial broadcasting, the Authority's resolution 'to the guarantee of Communications November 15, 2001, No 435/01/CONS;

3) to use under his own responsibility ', the information obtained from the suppliers of content not related to companies' affiliates and subsidiaries, solely for the purpose of the technical and commercial agreements for access to the network, with no transmissions to companies' subsidiaries or affiliates or any third party information obtained;

f) content providers, in case of transfer of exploitation rights thereof, shall be required to do so without discriminatory practices among the various distribution platforms, the market conditions, subject to the enforcement of exclusive rights, the rules on copyright and free trade between the parties;

g) accounting separation for companies operating in the field of digital broadcasting in communications, in order to allow the highlight of fees for access and interconnection to the communications infrastructure, highlighting charges related to the general public service, the evaluation of 'installation and management of infrastructure separated from the provision of content or services, when performed by the same person, and verification of the absence of cross-subsidies and discriminatory practices providing, however, that:
1) the supplier of national content that is also a service provider to adopt a system of accounting 'parade if each authorization;
2) the network operator in the field of national television that it is also a supplier of content and associated interactive services provider or conditional access services to the corporate separation is required, this provision does not apply television broadcasters which broadcast only via cable or satellite as well as' content providers on the local and network operators at local level;

h) the right of all providers of broadcast content to make live links and transmit data and information to users on the same frequencies allocated;

i) provision of specific forms of protection in favor of the issuer delle minoranze linguistiche riconosciute dalla legge;

l) la titolarita' di concessione o di autorizzazione per la radiodiffusione sonora o televisiva da' diritto di ottenere dal comune competente il rilascio di concessione edilizia per gli impianti di diffusione e di collegamento eserciti e per le relative infrastrutture compatibilmente con la disciplina vigente in materia di realizzazione di infrastrutture di comunicazione elettronica. 2. All'articolo 8, comma 8, della legge 6 agosto 1990, n. 223, le parole: "il 5 per cento" sono sostituite dalle seguenti: "il 10 per cento".

Pokemon Platnom Acshon Replay Cheats

Lesson January 13, 2006


Estratti dalla - LEGGE 6 AGOSTO 1990, n. 223 -
Disciplina del sistema radiotelevisivo public and private

Article 15 Prohibition of dominant positions within the means of mass communication and the obligations of dealers
1. In order to prevent dominant positions in the mass media are forbidden to possess:
a) a concession for television broadcasting in Italy, where it has control of publishers of newspapers whose circulation has an annual in the previous year exceeded 16 percent of the total circulation of daily newspapers in Italy;
b) more of a concession for television broadcasting in Italy, where it has control of the publishers of newspapers whose circulation Annual exceed 8 per cent of the total circulation of newspapers in Italy;
c) more than two licenses for television broadcasting in Italy, where it has control of publishers of newspapers, whose total circulation is less than that provided by b).
2. Bills of sale, leases or management expectations of companies operating in the field of mass communication and the transfer inter vivos of equity shares, or shares of companies active in this field are null and void if, in effect, the same person , even through subsidiaries or affiliates, achieves more than 20 percent of the total resources of the communications sector of mass or more than 25 percent of those total resources of the area of \u200b\u200bmass communication, or more than 25 percent of those resources in the event that achieves the same person entered the field of mass communication for at least two thirds of its total revenue.
3. For the purposes of paragraph 2, the total resources of the area of \u200b\u200bmass communication means revenues from the sale of newspapers and magazines, from sales or use of audiovisual products, from subscriptions to newspapers, periodicals or broadcasters, advertising from fees and government grants to a continuing nature.
4. The concessions in respect of both the national television broadcasting sound which issued a total of the same subject, to entities controlled by or connected to subjects which in turn monitor other holders of concessions can not exceed 25 percent of the number of national networks in the plan of allocation and the number still of three.
5. For the purposes of this article, the ownership of the concession shall be treated as the control or connection, in accordance with Article 37 of this law, companies holding concessions, or for persons or entities not corporate ownership of stocks or shares in the measures listed in Article 2359 of the Civil Code or the existence of the contractual conditions; also an authorization ad esercitare impianti ripetitori di programmi radiofonici o televisivi esteri di cui agli articoli 38 e seguenti della legge 14 aprile 1975, n. 103, e successive modificazioni, equivale a titolarità di una concessione per la radiodiffusione sonora o televisiva in ambito nazionale.
6. Le imprese concessionarie di pubblicità, di produzione o di distribuzione di programmi, che operano nel settore radiotelevisivo, devono presentare al Garante, entro il 31 luglio di ogni anno, i propri bilanci, corredati da un documento da cui risultino analiticamente gli elementi contabili relativi ai contratti stipulati con i concessionari privati, con la concessionaria pubblica e con i titolari di autorizzazione ai sensi dell'articolo 38 della legge 14 aprile 1975, n. 103. Tale documento è compilato sulla base di modelli, approvati con le modalità previste dal comma 1 dell’articolo 14, e deve contenere l'indicazione dei soggetti con i quali sono stati stipulati i contratti, le eventuali clausole di esclusiva, gli eventuali minimi garantiti pattuiti, i pagamenti eseguiti in favore di ogni soggetto ed ogni altro elemento ritenuto necessario ai fini dell'accertamento dell'osservanza delle disposizioni della presente legge.
7. Qualora i concessionari privati, la concessionaria pubblica o i titolari di autorizzazione ai sensi dell’articolo 38 della legge 14 aprile 1975, n. 103, si trovino in situazioni di controllo o di collegamento nei confronti di imprese concessionarie di pubblicità, queste latest advertising may not collect more than three national television networks, two or three national networks and local area networks or a network of national and six local including those which they hold controlling or related subjects, any more contracts from firms advertising agencies referred to in this paragraph should be targeted advertising to be disseminated by means other than radio and television and in any case not more than 2 percent of overall advertising investment last year. The same provisions apply to companies advertising agencies that have control of companies holding concessions for radio broadcasting or television or are connected with them. Contracts entered into in contravention of the provisions of this paragraph shall be null and void.
8. The private dealers and the public broadcaster is required to comply with laws and international conventions in the field of telecommunications and use of intellectual property.
9. It prohibited the transmission of encrypted messages or subliminal.
10. It prohibited the broadcasting of programs that can harm the mental or moral development of minors, which include scenes of gratuitous violence or pornography, which leads to attitudes of intolerance based on differences of race, sex, religion or nationality.
11. However, it is prohibited the transmission of films which have been refused clearance for the projection or representation in public or have been banned under the age of eighteen.
12. In case of violation of the prohibition referred to in paragraph 11 of this Article shall apply sanctions under Article 15 of Law April 21, 1962, No 161, whereby the closure of local deactivation.
13. The R-rated movies under the age of fourteen can not be transmitted in whole or in part before 22.30 hours and after 7 am.
14. The private dealers and the public broadcaster can not transmit cinematographic works unless otherwise agreed between the beneficiaries and the dealer, before the expiry of a period of two years beginning in the scheduling of such work in the cinema in one of the members of the European Economic Community, in the case of films co-produced by the dealer, this period is reduced to one year.
15. The private dealers and the public broadcaster shall transmit the same program throughout the country for which the grant is issued. The regulations in Article 36 and the provision of Article 2, paragraph 2, determine the cases in which it is permissible exceptions to that obligation.
16. The provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 8 shall apply from 1 January 1993 completed its operations for which dealers have acquired the rights to use prior to June 30 1990.
Art. 19.
Numero massimo di concessioni consentite per la radiodiffusione sonora e televisiva privata 1. Le concessioni per la radiodiffusione televisiva in ambito locale rilasciate al medesimo soggetto non possono essere in numero superiore a una all'interno di ogni bacino di utenza e a tre con riferimento a bacini di utenza diversi; in tali bacini, che possono essere contigui, purché nel loro insieme comprendano una popolazione non superiore a 10 milioni di abitanti, è consentita anche la programmazione unificata sino all'intero arco della giornata. Entro tale limite di popolazione il numero dei bacini contigui può essere esteso fino a quattro nell'area meridionale.
2. Le concessioni per la radiodiffusione sonora locally issued to the same subject can not be a number greater than within each catchment basins for a total of seven and contiguous, provided that together comprise a population of not more than 10 million inhabitants, is allowed programming also unified until the whole day long.
3. Who won the concession for television broadcasting under paragraph 1 may obtain the license for radio broadcasting in the local area provided for the same catchment area, the number of applications for the radio business does not exceed the number of frequencies to be allocated. At the same condition who have already obtained a concession for local broadcasting it can get a second in the same area.
4. You can not be in possession of both franchises or permits for radio broadcasting or television at the national and local levels.
5. For the purposes of this article, the ownership of the concession shall be treated as the control or connection, in accordance with Article 37 of this law, companies holding concessions, or for persons or entities not corporate ownership of stocks or shares in the measures listed in Article 2359 of the Civil Code or the existence of the contract provided for therein.
Article 20.
Obligations concerning the programming of the dealers
1. Dealers for private radio and television locally are required to broadcast not less than eight hours a day and no less of sixty hours a week. On the latter limit is calculated by the percentage of local information programs provided for in clause 18 of Article 16.
2. The private licensees for radio and national television are required to provide for not less than twelve hours a day and not less than ninety hours per week.
3. Not be considered merely repetitive or broadcast programs, consisting of still images.
4. The private dealers must keep records in the format approved by the Minister of Post e delle telecomunicazioni e bollato e vidimato in conformità alle disposizioni dell'articolo 2215 del codice civile, su cui devono essere annotati settimanalmente i dati relativi ai programmi trasmessi, nonché la loro provenienza o la specificazione della loro autoproduzione.
5. I concessionari privati sono altresì tenuti a conservare la registrazione dei programmi per i tre mesi successivi alla data di trasmissione dei programmi stessi.
6. I soggetti titolari di concessione per la radiodiffusione sonora o televisiva in ambito nazionale sono tenuti a trasmettere, quotidianamente, telegiornali o giornali radio.

My Stool Is Brown And Black

Lesson of January 12, 2006


Estratti dalla - LEGGE 6 AGOSTO 1990, n. 223 -
Disciplina del sistema radiotelevisivo pubblico e privato Art. 8.
Disposizioni sulla pubblicità 1. La pubblicità radiofonica e televisiva non deve offendere la dignità della persona, non deve evocare discriminazioni di razza, sesso e nazionalità, non deve offendere convinzioni religiose ed ideali, non deve indurre a comportamenti pregiudizievoli per la salute, la sicurezza e l'ambiente, non deve arrecare pregiudizio morale o fisico a minorenni, e ne è vietato l'inserimento nei programmi di cartoni animati.
2. La pubblicità televisiva e radiofonica deve essere riconoscibile come tale ed essere distinta dal resto dei programmi con mezzi ottici o acustici di evidente percezione.
3. In relazione a quanto required by the European Communities Council Directive of 3 October 1989 (89/552/EEC) the insertion of advertising during the broadcast of theatrical, film, opera and music is allowed in the intervals normally played in theaters and movies. For works of scheduled duration is more to forty-five minutes is allowed a further break for any act or time. Further interruption is allowed if the scheduled duration of the work is at least twenty minutes two or more acts or forty-five minutes each time.
4. The Guarantor, felt a special committee composed of not more than five members appointed by him from among persons of recognized jurisdiction and determine the works of high artistic value, as well as educational and religious programs that can not be commercial breaks.
5. Is prohibited radio and television advertising of medicines and medical treatment available only on prescription. The Minister of Post and telecommunications issues through a decree on the integration of advertising standards in the implementation of Articles 13, 15 and 16 of the European Communities Council Directive of 3 October 1989 (89/552/EEC).
6. The transmission of advertisements by the public broadcaster can not exceed 4 percent of weekly programming and 12 percent of each hour; any excess, but no more than 2 percent in one hour, must be recovered before or after the hour.
7. The transmission of TV advertisements by private licensees for broadcasting national television can not exceed 15 percent of the daily programming and 18 percent of each hour, any excess, but no more than 2 percent over an hour, must be recovered before or after the hour. An identical limit is set to private dealers authorized under Article 21, to transmit simultaneously on at least twelve catchment areas, with reference to the time of programming simultaneously.
8. The radio broadcast of advertisements by private licensees may not exceed for each hour of programming on 18 per cent for radio nationally, 20 percent for radio broadcasting at the local level, 5 per cent for the radio broadcasting by the national or local dealers community character.
9. The transmission of TV advertisements by private licensees for broadcasting locally can not exceed 20 percent of every hour of programming and 15 percent of the daily programming. Any surplus not exceeding 2 per cent in one hour, must be recovered in the hour before or after.
10. Local advertising is reserved for private licensees for broadcast locally: thus the private licensees for radio and national television and the public broadcaster must transmit advertising messages simultaneously, with identical content on all basins served. The private dealers who have obtained the authorization under Article 21, may provide, in addition to national advertising, local advertising varied for each area covered by the permit, temporarily interrupting the interconnection.
11. Are void and will not have to bear the contractual terms of advertising che impongono ai concessionari privati di trasmettere programmi diversi o aggiuntivi rispetto ai messaggi pubblicitari.
12. Ai sensi della presente legge per sponsorizzazione si intende ogni contributo di un'impresa pubblica o privata, non impegnata in attività televisive o radiofoniche o di produzione di opere audiovisive o radiofoniche, al finanziamento di programmi, allo scopo di promuovere il suo nome, il suo marchio, la sua immagine, le sue attività o i suoi prodotti.
Art. 12
Registro nazionale delle imprese radiotelevisive 1. È istituito il registro nazionale delle imprese radiotelevisive la cui tenuta è affidata al Garante.
2. Sono soggetti all'obbligo dell'iscrizione nel registro la concessionaria public, private dealers, firms authorized under Articles 38 and 43 of the Act April 14, 1975, No 103, and businesses involved in the production or distribution of advertising agencies or programs to be transmitted by radio and television facilities.

Article 15 Prohibition of dominant positions within the means of mass communication and the obligations of dealers
1. In order to prevent dominant positions in the mass media are forbidden to possess:
a) a concession for television broadcasting in Italy, where it has control of publishers of newspapers whose circulation has an annual exceeded the previous calendar year 16 per cent of the total circulation of daily newspapers in Italy;
b) more of a concession for television broadcasting in Italy, where it has control of the publishers of newspapers whose circulation exceeds the annual 8 per cent of the total circulation newspapers in Italy;
c) more than two licenses for television broadcasting in Italy, where it has control of publishers of newspapers, whose total circulation is less than that provided by the letter b).
2. Bills of sale, leases or management expectations of companies operating in the field of mass communication and the transfer inter vivos of shares, shares or units of companies active in this field are zero if, for their effect, the same person, even through subsidiaries or affiliates, achieves more than 20 percent of the total mass of the communications sector of 25 percent or more of the above total resources the field of mass communications, or more than 25 percent of those resources if the same person achieves revenue in the field of mass communication for at least two thirds of its total revenue.
3. For the purposes of paragraph 2, the total resources of the area of \u200b\u200bmass communication means revenues from the sale of newspapers and magazines, from sales or use of products audiovisual, from subscriptions to newspapers, periodicals or broadcasters, advertising, from fees and government grants to a continuing nature.
4. The concessions in respect of both the national television broadcasting sound, subject to the same total issued to entities controlled by or connected to subjects which in turn monitor other holders of concessions can not exceed 25 percent of the number of networks under the national allocation plan and not the number of three.
5. For the purposes of this article, the ownership of the concession shall be treated as the control or connection, in accordance with Article 37 of this law, companies concession holders, or for persons or entities not corporate ownership of stocks or shares in the measures listed in Article 2359 of the Civil Code or the existence of the contractual conditions; also an authorization to exercise facilities repeaters Foreign radio and television programs under Articles 38 and following of the law April 14, 1975, No 103, as amended, amounts to a concession for radio or television nationwide.
6. Companies advertising agencies, production or distribution of programs, operating in the broadcasting sector, the Guarantor must submit by July 31 of each year, their budgets, accompanied by a document showing analytically the accounting relating to contracts with private concessionaires, with the public concessionaire and the licensees in accordance with Article 38 of Law April 14, 1975, No 103. This document is compiled on the basis of models, which were approved in the manner provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 14 and shall contain the names of the persons with whom contracts have been signed, any exclusivity clauses, any guaranteed minimum agreed , payments made on behalf of any person and any other information considered necessary for the purposes of compliance with the provisions of this Act.
7. If dealers private, the public concessionaire or consented to in Article 38 of Law April 14, 1975, No 103, are in situations of subsidiaries or associates against firms advertising agencies, they can not collect advertising for more than three national television networks, two or three national networks and local area networks or network including national and six local those which they hold controlling or related subjects, any more contracts from firms advertising agencies referred to in this paragraph should be targeted advertising to be disseminated by means other than radio and television and in any case not more than 2 percent Investment total advertising last year. The same provisions apply to companies advertising agencies that have control of companies holding concessions for radio broadcasting or television or are connected with them. Contracts entered into in contravention of the provisions of this paragraph shall be null and void.
8. The private dealers and the public broadcaster is required to comply with laws and international conventions in the field of telecommunications and use of intellectual property.
9. It prohibited the transmission of encrypted messages or subliminal.
10. It prohibited the broadcasting of programs that can harm the mental or moral development of minors, which contain scenes of gratuitous violence or pornography, which leads to attitudes of intolerance based on differences of race, sex, religion or nationality.
11. However, it is prohibited the transmission of films which have been refused clearance for the projection or representation in public or have been banned under the age of eighteen.
12. In case of violation of the prohibition referred to in paragraph 11 of this Article shall apply sanctions under Article 15 of Law April 21, 1962, No 161, whereby the closure of local deactivation.
13. The R-rated movies under the age of fourteen can not be transmitted in whole or in part before 22.30 hours and after 7 am.
14. The private dealers and the public broadcaster can not transmit cinematographic works unless otherwise agreed between the beneficiaries and the dealer, before the expiry of a period of two years beginning in the scheduling of such work in cinemas in a State belonging to the Community European Economic and in the case of films co-produced by the dealer, this period is reduced to one year.
15. The private dealers and the public broadcaster shall transmit the same program throughout the country for which the grant is issued. The regulations in Article 36 and the provision of Article 2, paragraph 2, determine the cases in which derogation is permitted this obligation.
16. The provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 8 shall apply from 1 January 1993 completed its operations for which dealers have acquired the rights to use prior to June 30, 1990.